Normally the cat command is applied for basically three things in particular:

• Display the contents of a file
• Copy text files to another text file
• Append a text file’s contents to another text file

Being a UNIX command it is ported to all GNU/LINUX distributions and of course, it has options to expand and vary the power of the command itself.  Let’s see the output at the terminal if we do the following command:

cat --help

The command shows us a quick help on the cat command including its options.

The basic usage syntax is:

cat [OPTION] [FILE]…

And the list of commands is shown in this table:

Don’t worry; we’ll examine the most useful options with several examples.

Display Content of File

If we want to show the content of a text file, the syntax would be:

cat path_of_the_archive

I’m going to show the content of a file called file1.txt located in the Example folder. Run below command to display file1.txt content.

cat file1.txt

And there we have the content of the file shown on the terminal in above image.

If you would like to display the contents of several files, simply place them next. Run below command to display contents of two files file1.txt and file2.txt.

cat file1.txt file2.txt

The exit at the terminal would be as follows:

You can see the contents of both files one by one in above image.

Identify Specific File Content

As we can see in above image, it simply shows the contents of file 1 and when it ends, it immediately shows the content of file 2 as if they were “concatenated”. If you would like to know where the content of each file ends, then use the -e option to show a $ at the end of the file.

cat –e file1.txt file2.txt

Add Number of Lines in Output

If you want to display the number of lines along with the file content then you can show it by adding -n option. Run below command to display the line numbers while displaying the file content.

cat –n file1.txt file2.txt

Copy Contents of One file to Another

We can also copy the content of one text file to another using CAT command. Run below command to copy content of file1.txt to file4.txt.

cat file1.txt > file4.txt

In this case, the command reads the contents of file1.txt and overwrites the contents of the new file. If it does not exist, it is simply created. Now we can validate above command whether contents have been copied to not. Now we proceed to show the contents of file4.txt to verify that it made the “copy”. Display content of file4.txt by running below command.

cat file4.txt

We can see the content is same as file1.txt in above image.

Combine or Append the Content of One File to Another

The cat command also allows us to combine or append a text file data to another one, thanks to the operator >>

In this case, we will combine the content of file1.txt with that of file2.txt

cat file1.txt >> file2.txt

And then we check the contents of the file2.txt file to validate it.

cat file2.txt

We can see contents have been combined in to this file. Basically the command takes the content of file1.txt and places it at the end of the file2.txt file

As a conclusion we can say that the cat command is a useful and important command to work with text files in GNU/LINUX and everything about the terminal. It is very useful for managing service configuration files on a server.

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Read More:

• 11 Examples of ls command to List Files in Linux
• Add, Delete & Modify Linux User Accounts
• How to Reset or Change Linux User Passwords?
• How to Change Linux Server Name?

The post How to Use CAT Command on Linux System? appeared first on Techyaz.com.

Note: The language in some of the screenshots is not in English but the command we have executed in English language. You just need to run the given commands and execution in your screen will show based on your preferred language set on the system,

Install Zabbix on Ubuntu 16.04

The first thing we have to do is update the system in order to have the latest security updates.

sudo apt update && sudo apt –y upgrade

With this composite command, we refresh the repository cache and at the same time say yes to updates.

Once you will enter sudo password in above screen, a series of transactions will be executed as shown in below screenshot.

Once we have the system updated, the next thing we need to do is to install a basic LAMP server to run the Zabbix and mysql frontend as database manager.

sudo apt install apache2 libapache2-mod-php7.0 mysql-server-5.7 mysql-client php7.0 php7.0-mysql php7.0-curl php7.0-json php7.0-cgi php-xml php-mbstring php-bcmath

Once you will execute above command, you will be getting a sequence of executions as shown in below image.

Once the LAMP server is installed, we must edit the php. ini file to set our time zone correctly. In my case “America/Caracas”.

sudo nano /etc/php/7.0/apache2/php.ini

Once you will execute above command, you will get below screen to edit the time zone. Inside the archive, we locate the part where the time zone is established and edit it with our own.

Now we will restart Apache service using below command..

sudo systmectl restart apache2.service

Now we must add the Zabbix repository, to do this we must download a. deb file hosted on their website.

wget http://repo.zabbix.com/zabbix/3.4/ubuntu/pool/main/z/zabbix-release/zabbix-release_3.4-1+xenial_all.deb

And then install it to add the repository.

sudo dpkg –i zabbix-release_3.4-1+xenial_all.deb

Now we must refresh the program sources cache and install zabbix packages. Run below command to update the repository.

sudo apt update

You can see the execution of above command.

Run below command to initiate the execution.

sudo apt install zabbix-server-mysql zabbix-frontend-php zabbix-agent

We can see the installation in below image.

Configure MySQL

In this step we must configure mysql, skip this if you already had an installation before.

sudo mysql_secure_installation

To the questions we must answer yes or no according to our needs. For this tutorial, the answers to these questions are no problem. The important thing is to remember the Mysql root password.

Then we must log in to Mysql when entering the command, we must enter the root password.

mysql –u root –p

Once inside, we must create the zabbix database.

CREATE DATABASE zabbix

We then create and give permission to a new Mysql user to use zabbix. This is a good security practice for our server.

GRANT ALL ON zabbix TO ‘zabbix’@localhost IDENTIFIED BY ‘zabbixpss’;

Replace’ zabbixpss’ with another username if you prefer, and’ zabbixpss’ with another password. you can see all above steps in below command.

Next we must “copy” the configuration of Mysql to the new zabbix user.

zcat /usr/share/doc/zabbix-server-mysql*/create.sql.gz | mysql –u zabbix –p

However at this point I got the error of “No database selected”. Don’t worry, we’ll figure it out. To fix error 1046, we must first copy and unzip the MySql creation file.

And then edit the “create.sql” file, we just must add USE zabbix; at the beginning of the file.

nano create.sql

Save and we will be able to import the file.

cat create.sql | mysql –u zabbix –p

This completes the configuration process of the database manager.

Now we proceed to edit the configuration file of zabbix to add the database parameters that the application will use.

sudo nano /etc/zabbix/zabbix_server.conf

Verify below parameters from below screenshot.

DBHost=localhost

DBName=zabbix

DBUser=zabbix

DBPassword=zabbixpss

These parameters are the ones that we have to locate in the archive and change for the positions.

Then we must restart Apache2 and Zabbix services.

sudo systemctl restart apache2.service
sudo systemctl restart zabbix-server.service

Configure Zabbix

Now, it’s ready. We have to go to our web browser and access from the ip address of the server computer.

http://IP_ADRESS/zabbix 

Then we proceed to configure it, pressing next. We check that all prerequisites are satisfied.

In this screen we must configure the database parameters that we have made in the previous steps.

Then you have to configure the server parameters. In this case, we leave it the same way.

In the end if everything is correct we should see a screen like this.

Finally we can now access through the following form:

Username: admin

Password: zabbix

And after that, we’ll have the main view with our zabbix running on the server.

As a conclusion we can say that Zabbix is a great open source application for server monitoring, its installation in server is relatively simple and is very useful to all system administrators.

Read More:

• How to Install and Use HTop on Linux system?
• Installing PgAdmin 4 on Debian Stretch
• RHEL Interview Questions and Answers

The post How to Install Zabbix on Ubuntu Server 16.04? appeared first on Techyaz.com.

LIST FILES IN LINUX: “ls” COMMAND 

As it was said, the command ls allows you to list files and folders of a specific path, is easy to use and is very useful and used in the daily work. The command has several options to improve the listings. In a terminal, we can invoke the help of the command ls in this way.

ls --help 

Above command will display all options available for ls command to list the files and folders. In this way we get the syntax of usage and options as output per terminal.

As all options will not cover in one single screenshot so i have scrolled the above screen and taken another screenshots to cover all options in screenshots that has been displayed below.

As we can see the documentation is extensive, but don’t worry we will examine the most useful and used options. The basic syntax of the command is:

ls [options] [file|dir]

Although it is possible to use ls from the most basic form only by typing:

#List files from your given directory.
ls

With this we only list the files that are in the directory where we are located in the terminal. For example, if we wanted to list everything in the root directory of our GNU/LINUX distribution it would be with the command:

#List everything in the root directory
ls /

It was easy, wasn’t it?

Most Important Options of the Command “ls”

ls as well as all GNU/LINUX commands have options that modify the basic command execution result. Here is a list of the most outstanding ones for this command.

 Examples of Command “ls”

Here i have given different examples of command ls that you can use to fulfill different requirements.

List Hidden Files 

We can use option -a if we want to list the hidden files of a specific folder, it would be enough to write:

ls –a path

In my case it would be something like that:

ls –a /home/angelo/

You can see all hidden files as well in above screenshot. We can identify hidden files by looking at the output as such files or folders start with dot (.).

Display Files with their Index Number

We can list files with their index number by running below command. To show files/folders with their index number we will use the option –i along with command ls. You can see i have used below command and output is showing in below image.

ls -i /home/angelo/
 

List Files with full Details (Permissions, Index no, Owner, Create Date etc.)

We can use ls command to display information such as permissions and owner of the folder or file. We will be using option -I to show complete information about files and folders as shown in below screenshot.

ls -l /home/angelo/

This output shows us more specific information about what we have in the folder: First it shows the permissions on the folder, its index number, the owner of the folder, who created the folder, its size in kb, the date it was modified and the folder name.

List Files or Folders in a Reverse Order

ls command also gives an option to sort files and folders in reverse order. We can use -r option to show files and folders in a reverse order as shown in below screenshot after running below command.

ls –r  /home/angelo/

List Subdirectories Recursively

We can List subdirectories recursively by adding the -R option with ls command.  It will display the contents of the directory subfolders. Run below command to display the result.

ls –R /home/angelo/

 Display list of Directories Only

We can use -d and an asterisk option to list and show only the directories. Have a look at below command that has displayed the list of directories under /home/angelo.

ls –d */home/angelo/

Display Files Sort by their File Size

Run below command to display files sort by file size. It is possible with the option –S.

ls -S /home/angelo/

Sort by Date/Time

We can option -t to display files sort by date/time. Run below command to see the output that is also showing in below screenshot.

ls –t /home/angelo/

Display Files as they were Created

Use option -U to show folders and files in no order at all. It will display just as they are created.

ls –U /home/angelo/

Sort by File Extension

We can use option -X with ls command to sort files by their extension names. You can see this in below screenshot.

ls –X /home/angelo/

Sort by Modified Files

We can use combination of options -ltr to show last modification file or directory date. Simply run below command to display the output.

ls -lrt

ls -lrt [path]

In conclusion we can say that the ls command, even when it is relatively easy to use, is one of the tools most used by system administrators.

I hope you like this article. Please follow our Facebook page and Twitter handle to get latest updates.

Read More:

• RHEL Interview Questions & Answers
• Linux User Administration – Add, Delete & Modify User Accounts
• Install HTop and Use it to Monitor Linux Processes
• How to Change Host Name of RHEL system?
• How to Reset or Change Linux User Account Passwords?

The post 11 Examples of ls Command to List Files in Linux appeared first on Techyaz.com.

USERS IN GNU/LINUX 

The first thing we need to know is that, in GNU/LINUX there are different types of users already predefined and each of them have different characteristics for the correct functioning of the system. The first of these is the root user.

Root user

The Root user is the administrator of the operating system, with all options and permissions to perform operations and changes in the system. Its main features are:

• It is the only user account with system-wide privileges.
• In charge of controlling the administration of user accounts.
• It is the only user that can stop the system.
• The root user can install, uninstall and update basic system programs and libraries.

In other words, the root user is the all-powerful user of the system.

Special Users 

They are also called users without login. Their roles in the system are determined by the addition of installed programs. They are distinguished by:

• They are created (usually) automatically at the time of Linux or application installation.
• It does not have all the privileges of the root user, but depending on the account they assume different root privileges.
• They are created when installing the system or any of its extra components.
• Some of them are: bin, daemon, adm, lp, sync, shutdown, mail, operator, squid, apache

Common Users 

These last users are us. That is, they are accounts that are created to use all accessible parts of the system, such as assigned programs and directories. They have a Home directory where they can easily access their documents and files.

• Such users have only full privileges in their working directory or HOME.
• They are used for individual users.
• These users do not have privileges to manage the system or install software. 

How to Create or Add USERS TO Linux Systems?

The adduser command is a “new” alternative to the useradd binary that allows us to add common users to our GNU/LINUX distribution. It is much more “friendly” and intuitive than useradd and allows us to add additional information about the new user. Here we will learn how to create user on Linux system.

In order to use the adduser command we must be root users, for that reason write the following command in a terminal

#Connect using su.
su

You need to write the root password then we can use adduser. The most basic way to use the adduser command is:

adduser new_user 

where new_user is the name of user account. With this “basic” form a new user is created and by giving Enter we are asked to enter the new password for this new user account.

Type the password for your new user account and press Enter. Prompt will ask you to reenter the same password. Re-enter the password and press enter button.

After that you will be asked for any additional information such as Full Name, phone number etc.

At the end, prompt will ask us to confirm the information provided. Type Y to proceed if all information is correct.

Now, as mentioned above, that is the most basic way to create a user but adduser also has options and alternatives to create users. These alternatives are given by the options that can be added to the command, some of them are:

adduser [--home DIR] [--shell SHELL] [--no-create-home] [--uid ID]
[--firstuid ID] [--lastuid ID] [--gecos GECOS] [--ingroup GROUP | --gid ID]
[--disabled-password] [--disabled-login] [--add_extra_groups] USER

You can see various options available with adduser command in above screenshot. Let’s look at example. If you would like to add a user named angelob, and set their home directory to /opt/angelob/ the the command will be as follows.

adduser --home /opt/angelob/ angelob

And then it will ask us for the new password and basic user information. This way you can add user to Linux system.

How to Delete Linux User Accounts? 

As in above section we have learnt how to create user on Linux system. Here i will explain how remove user from Linux system. Removing users from the Linux system is simple and the command to do so is userdel and has many fewer options to make the task. You can see the descriptions for this command in below image.

The easiest way to delete a user is to remove it by running below command. Here user is the name of user account.

#user is the name of user account.
userdel user

We can also delete your entire personal directory with the -r option. Run below command to do this.

userdel -r user

How to Modify Linux User Accounts? 

I have shown how to remove Linux user  in above section. Here, i will explain how to modify a Linux user. To modify users in the GNU/LINUX system we use the command usermod. We can see in the following image the possibilities shown in command:

For example, if we wanted to change the password of a created user, it would be as follows.

#user is the name of Linux user account.
usermod -p ‘new_password’ user

Obviously this method is not recommended because it leaves the password visible. Be careful. Read below article if you want to change your Linux user account password.

• How to Reset or Change User Password on RHEL?

Another useful example is to move the personal folder of the desired user to another one, for it we must combine the options -d and -m in the following way.

usermod -d /opt/angelob1/ -m angelob

With the rest of the options, we only have to place them according to our needs.

In conclusion we can say that the administration of GNU/LINUX users is a matter for system administrators, the subject is wide and with many options to take into account for the creation of them.

Adduser simplifies the creation of user accounts and usermod allows us to modify them in a very fast and dynamic way. And if a user has already completed his life cycle in the system, we can remove it with userdel.

I hope this small guide has been useful to understand a little bit about GNU/LINUX users, clarifying that the commands explained in the article can be used in all popular distributions such as Ubuntu, Red Hat, Suse, Debian and others.
I hope you like this article. Please follow our Facebook page and Twitter handle to get latest updates.

Read More:

• RHEL Interview Questions and Answers
• How to Change Hostname of RHEL system?
• How to Install and Use Htop to Monitor Linux Processes?
• Install Debian 9 Stretch in Step by Step Process

The post Linux User Administration – Add, Delete & Modify User Accounts appeared first on Techyaz.com.

HTOP is a process viewer on the terminal created for the entire Unix family but has great popularity within GNU/LINUX. The main advantages of this tool are that we can monitor processes, finalize and explore them all from the terminal which guarantees a minimum expenditure of resources.

How to Install Htop on Various Linux Systems?

We can install Htop from your sources or simply from pre-compiled packages. However, Htop is found in most GNU/LINUX distributions through its main repositories. Please have a look at the step by step process to install Htop on Debian, RHEL, Ubuntu and other Linux systems.

Install Htop on Debian 8 Jessie and Debian 9 Stretch

The first thing we need to do is login as root. Type su on your terminal window and press enter followed by typing its password.

su

Once you will be connected using su account, run below command to install Htop on Debian systems.

apt install htop

Install Htop on Ubuntu 14.04  and Ubuntu 16.04

Here, I will show you how to install Htop on Ubuntu servers. Installation of htop on Ubuntu is very much similar to installing it on Debian as we did in above section. In the case of Ubuntu, we must be root user to install htop. Type su and press enter followed by its password.

su

Once we will be connected using root user, we will proceed to install htop on Ubuntu by running below commands. A set of execution will start and execution will finish with its installation.

apt install htop

Install Htop on Fedora 26 and Fedora 27

There is little different way to install Htop on Fedora systems as we use dnf command to install it on fedora. Fedora users can easily install htop as following below steps. First we connect to root privileges using su account. Type su and its password.

su

Once we will be connected using su account, we can invoke dnf which is Fedora package manager. Run below dnf command to install htop on Fedora systems. A set of execution will start and finish with htop installation.

dnf install htop

Install Htop on Gentoo

For Gentoo we must also be root users. Write in a terminal:

su

Once we connected with root user permissions, we can install Htop by invoking Gentoo’s own package manager emerge. Run below command to start Htop installation on Gentoo system. A series of execution will start and finish with its installation.

emerge sys-process/htop

Install Htop on CentOS 7 and Red Hat Linux Enterprise

In the case of CentOS 7, we must first add the EPEL repository and then install it normally. First we logged in as root user to get installation privileges. Connect using su account by typing below command and its password.

su

Once logged in as root user, we proceed to download the package containing the EPEL repository:

wget http://mirror.pnl.gov/epel/7/x86_64/e/epel-release-7-5.noarch.rpm

And then install the downloaded package to add the EPEL repository:

rpm -Uvh epel-release-7-5.noarch.rpm

The next step is to “validate” the newly added repository by running below command.

yum repolist

And Finally we will install htop on RHEL and Centos by running below command.

yum install htop 

Basic use of HTOP

We have installed Htop on various Linux systems in above section. We must write the command htop To launch it. Here, it is not necessary to do it as root user. You can see i wrote htop on terminal window and press enter to get the Htop task manager screen in below image.

You will get below screen once you execute above command on your terminal screen.

It’s the initial screen. As we can see, it is very simple and easy to understand. We can have fun in three parts that we will study. In this “first part” we see the use of the processor and RAM by all processes along with other details. On the right side a small summary of them: how many tasks are running and the total active time.

“Second part” also you can say middle part is the main view where all the processes are showing. You can see this in below image.

This is where we have the information through columns that contain details about these processes. The columns are:

• PID: Displays the process identifier number.
• User: The user tells us that he has activated this process.
• PRI: It shows the priority with which the process is executed.
• NI: Shows the priority level
• VIRT: The number of virtual memory used by the process.
• RES: Used ram memory (Megabytes)
• SHR: Shared memory used
• S: Process status (Running, sleeping or zombie)
• CPU%: percentage of CPU used by the process
• MEM%: percentage of ram memory used by the process
• TIME+: Active life-time of the process
• Command: The command that executes the process.

So with this we have all the information of the processes that are running at that time.

The “last part” displays the tools provided by Htop for navigation. For example, allows us to search, sort the processes and the best, for me, the “kill” processes by using shortcut keys.

To kill a process we must navigate through the processes with the up and down keys, select it, press the F9 key, and choose the number that corresponds to the option of killing that serves us. I almost always use the 9th showing in below screen.

In conclusion we can say that Htop is a great tool to visualize the active and non-active processes in our Linux systems. Being terminal-based, it has the advantage of consuming virtually nothing in resources and helps us to close very heavy or unnecessary processes.

Here i have shown you how to install Htop on Red Hat, Ubuntu, Fedora and Debian systems and its uses. I hope you like this article. Please follow our Facebook page and Twitter handle to get latest updates.

Read More:

• How to Install Debian 9 Stretch?
• How to Install Zebbix on Ubuntu 16.4?
• How to Install RedHat Enterprise Linux?
• Installing Ubuntu 16.04 in Step by Step Process

The post How to Install Htop and Use it to Monitor Linux Processes? appeared first on Techyaz.com.

PostgreSQL is for many the best in its area, and it is not the aim of this article to defend or support that theory, what we can say with all certainty is that it is one of the most robust and secure database handlers that exist. As if this were not enough, it has one of the most popular and complete graphical tools to manage it, such as pgAdmin.

As the project website says: “pgAdmin is the most popular and feature rich Open Source administration and development platform for PostgreSQL, the most advanced Open Source database in the world.” And of course we can install it in our preferred GNU/LINUX distribution. In this case we are going to install it in our Debian 9 Stretch a large GNU/LINUX distribution widely used in the server and database area.

Install pgAdmin 4 on Debian 9 Stretch

Note: In this tutorial it is assumed that you have postgreSQL installed, otherwise, we must install it. You can find the way of doing it in below link.

• How to Install PostgreSQL 10.1 on Debian 9 Stretch

Let’s get started. The first thing we have to do is add the postgreSQL apt repository. If you have installed postgreSQL with the tutorial we have attached above, you can skip these steps. Otherwise we must add it.

First we logged in as root user. Write su in your terminal screen along with its password and press enter to connect.

#Connect using root user
su

Now, use below command to create the pgdp.list file in the /etc/apt/source.list.d/ path.

nano /etc/apt/source.list.d/pgdg.list

Here, we will add the next line of code to the terminal screen that will come after executing above command.

deb http://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt/ stretch-pgdg main

Press ctrl + x to exit and select yes to save the changes.

Now import the repository signing key by running below commands on your terminal screen.

#Import the repository signing key
wget --quiet -O - https://www.postgresql.org/media/keys/ACCC4CF8.asc | apt-key add -

And to refresh the repository cache, just run the following command.

#Refresh the repository.
apt update

You can see all packages have been updated in above screenshot. Now we are ready to start installing pgAdmin 4.

Installing Dependencies and Creating the Virtual Environment

We must install the necessary dependencies to handle the package. They are basically Python dependencies that needs to be resolved before installing pgadmin package. Execute below command in your terminal before going to install pgadmin.

#Install Python dependency.
apt install virtualenv python-pip libpq-dev python-dev

Type Y and press enter to install this dependency. The next step will be to create the virtual environment. In this case we will create it on /home/Your_user/. Run below commands to get this done.

#Go to your directory.
cd /home/your_user/

#Create Virtual Environment.
virtualenv pgadmin4

This creates a folder called “pgadmin4“. We must enter it to get in to this folder.

cd pgadmin4

The next step will be to “activate” the virtual environment by running below statement.

#Activate virtual environment.
source bin/activate

Downloading and Installing pgAdmin

Now, we will install pgadmin on this machine. We can download latest version pgAdmin4-2.1 from this link. For this tutorial we will use the python package that is showing in below screenshot.

And finally we will proceed to install pgadmin using pip command as given below.

#Replace <path-where-file-is-located> with your patch followed by file name.
pip install <path-where-file-is-located>

We will be running below command in our case.

#Run below command to install pgadmin.
pip install /home/angelo/Descargas/pgadmin4-2.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl

With this pgAdmin is already installed but we are not finished yet. You need to create a local configuration and run it. Run below command to do this.

#Go to pgadmin4 folder
cd lib/python2.7/site-packages/pgadmin4

#Create config file
touch config_local.py

The “touch” command creates an empty file from the linux terminal, if the file exists it will change the date and time of the modification. In that file we can place the settings we want, if the file is left empty it will take the global settings of python.

We can now execute below command to create the credentials. Once you run below command, it will ask you to enter your email address and password. Those credentials will be the ones we use to access the application from the browser.

python lib/python2.7/site-packages/pgadmin4/pgAdmin4.pyc

Now we have created the credentials as well in above screenshot. At the end, we will be told that we must log in with our favorite browser to 127.0.0.1:5050 to log in and enter the main page of pgAdmin.

Let’s go to our browser and type 127.0.0.1:5050

We put our email address and the password we have previously entered. We can also select the language. Once we will be logged in using given credentials, we can see the main pgAdmin panel that is also showing in below screenshot.

We can test the application by adding a server. In this case it will be a local server. We must click on the “Add new Server” link given in between Quick Link section. We will get below screen to enter details about the server that we want to add.

The name we want to give to the connection is placed in the window. I called it “local.” We’ll leave the rest the same, if we want to.

In the connection tab, we will enter the connection parameters Host name, port, database, username, and password to add the server. You can see this in beow screenshot.

And with this we already have an added server and we can start working with postgreSQL. You can see the server is added in left side pane of pgAdmin panel. You can expand the plus sign to see the details like databases etc.

Conclusion

We have installed pgadmin 4 in debian 9 stretch to manage PostgreSQL databases. Data management is vital to system administration and specialized programs are required to keep data secure and properly structured. Complementing PostgreSQL we have pgAdmin that helps us, with a friendly graphical interface, to manage our databases, to make sentences and to monitor the service.

Installing both is one of the best ways to have and view databases in a way that is appropriate for our applications.

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How to Install Red Hat Linux 7.3?

I have performed this installation on one of my virtual machine that are hosted on my local computer. If you want to create new virtual machine to install Linux 7.3 operating system you should read its step by step process in attached link.

Once you have created your virtual machine with RHEL 7.3 setup, installation media will automatically be detected and let you proceed with the installation. This is because you have already selected RHEL 7.3 ISO during virtual machine creation. Make sure you have downloaded correct RHEL setup file. Below is the image of correct setup file.

Now let us proceed with the installation. You will get below image to proceed with the Linux installation once you finish creating a virtual machine.

Press enter on first option “Install Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.3” to proceed with installation. If you will not press enter, setup will start automatically after 1 minute. Now you will get below screen which says to press enter again.

Once you press enter, a series of updates will process on your screen.

You will get below screen to choose the language in the next window. Here choose your language in which installation texts will proceed and click on “Continue” button to proceed.

Next window will be “Installation Summary” window from where we will configure all configurations for this installation. You can see “Begin Installation” button is showing disabled on this window. It will enable the moment we configure all parameters. We will click one by one to each option and then configure them with the correct value to proceed.

Let’s start the configuration one by one. First click on “Date & Time” option to set the server clock according to your time zone. As i stayed in India so i have chosen region as Asia and city as Kolkata and then set the time and date in the bottom of below screen. Now click on done button given top left side of the below image.

Now click on “Keyboard” option to set the keyboard option as shown in below image. Click on plus sign if you want to choose some other settings. Click on done button to apply this change for the installation.

Now click on “Language Support” option to set the language for this installation. Choose your language and click on done button to proceed.

Next option in installation summary window is to select correct installation media. I did not make any changes here because it is already selected as local media which we had downloaded from Red Hat website.

Now click on “Software Selection” to choose what type of installation you want to proceed. I selected minimal install to proceed. If you want to install GUI based Linux server operating system you can choose last option of below screen. Once you made your selection click on done button to proceed.

Now we will configure the “Installation Destination” option.Here we have also an option to configure storage partitioning. If you want to add some other disk you can do that as well from this page. I have selected 20GB for this Linux server so it is shwoing there. Now come to the storage partitioning section which is in bottom of the screen, i have selected “Automatically configure partitioning“. Setup will configure all the partitions automatically during installation. If you want to configure it manually you can choose second option that will allow you to configure as per your need. Click on done button to proceed, once you have made all changes.

Now there are only three option left to configure as per below image. These are Kdump, Network & Hostname and Security Policy. You can see rest of all options are showing with their configured value.

Now click on KDUMP option. Kdump is a mechanism which captures information from your system during system crash that can be invaluable in determining the cause of the crash. I have enabled this option. If you do not want to enable it you can uncheck it. Click on done button to proceed.

Now click on “Network & Host Name” option. You will get below image to configure it.

Now click on on/off button showing in top right side of above screen. It will automatically assign IP address, subnet mask address to make connection. I have enabled it and you can see all address in below screen. You can also change the hostname of Linux server. Write the server name in the host name section and click on apply button.

If you want to assign IP address, subnet mask address and other details manually you should click on configure button on below screen. Click on done button to proceed.

Final option is to select appropriate Security Policy. I did not make any changes and go with default option as shown in below screen.

Now we will click on “Begin Installation” to start the installation.

Once installation will begin, you will get below progress status bar along with options to set Root Password and User Creation.

Click on Root Password option of above screen to set the root password. Click on done button once you have entered the password.

Now click on User Creation option to create an user. I have created an user named techyaz as shown in below screen. Click on done button to proceed.

Now you can see text written in red colour is disappeared from root password and user creation options. Installation is still in process during the user creation. You can see below screenshot.

Once installation will be completed below screen will come that will say that installation of Linux 7.3 operating system is completed.

Now Reboot button is enabled and setup also suggested to reboot the server. Click on reboot button to restart the server. Your Linux installation has completed here.

Now we will validate the installation by running few commands. Once server will come online post reboot, it will give you below prompt to enter the login credentials.

Enter the user name which you have created during installation. You can see now i have connected to Linux server using user techyaz.

Now you can check the hostname and RHEL version installed on this machine by executing below commands.

Now we can see the output which says host name as SQLServerRHEL and its version RHEL 7.3 in above image.

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Read More:

• RHEL Interview Questions & Answers
• Step by Step Process to Install Ubuntu Linux 16.04
• How to Install and Use Htop to Monitor Linux Processes?
• How to Install Zabbix on Linux Machine?

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